Management of Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) Bacterial Infection in Patients Admitted to Surgical Ward: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections pose a formidable challenge in the management of patients admitted to surgical wards, necessitating a comprehensive and multifaceted approach. This narrative review delves into the intricate landscape of MDR bacterial infections within surgical settings, providing insights into their epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostic strategies, and therapeutic interventions. The emergence and proliferation of MDR bacteria, characterized by resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics, have raised concerns globally. Surgical patients, already vulnerable due to their underlying conditions, are particularly at risk for these infections, which can complicate postoperative recovery and even become life-threatening. Understanding the epidemiology of MDR bacterial infections in surgical wards is crucial. Patients with prolonged hospital stays, prior antimicrobial exposure, and invasive procedures are more susceptible. Rapid and accurate diagnostic methods, including molecular techniques and susceptibility testing, are essential for identifying MDR pathogens and tailoring treatment. Treatment options for MDR bacterial infections are limited and often involve last-resort antibiotics, such as colistin and carbapenems. Combining antimicrobial agents and source control measures like surgical debridement are common strategies. Additionally, antimicrobial stewardship programs play a pivotal role in optimizing antibiotic use, preventing resistance, and improving patient outcomes. Infection prevention and control measures, including strict hand hygiene, isolation protocols, and environmental cleaning, are indispensable for curbing the spread of MDR pathogens within surgical units. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges posed by MDR bacterial infections in surgical patients and emphasizes the need for a multidisciplinary approach involving surgeons, infectious disease specialists, microbiologists, and pharmacists. By implementing evidence-based strategies, healthcare providers can enhance patient care, minimize the impact of MDR infections, and contribute to global efforts in combating antimicrobial resistance.