The Obesity Effect on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Relationship between Body Mass Index and Diabetic Complications
Keywords:
Obesity, Diabetes, Body Mass Index (BMI), Complications, Interventions.Abstract
Introduction: The rationale behind investigating the intricate relationship between obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), with a specific focus on the influence of Body Mass Index (BMI), stems from the alarming impact of these intertwined epidemics on global health. This systematic review aims to synthesize and critically evaluate the available evidence, contributing to a deeper comprehension of the role played by BMI in shaping the trajectory of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and its associated complications.
Methods: The study conducted a thorough and comprehensive search across key electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, to identify articles investigating the intricate relationship between obesity, Body Mass Index (BMI), and complications associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Employing carefully selected search terms and Boolean operators, the initial exploration yielded a substantial number of articles. Two independent reviewers conducted a meticulous two-stage screening process, examining titles and abstracts for relevance and later assessing full-text articles for eligibility. Inclusion criteria focused on peer-reviewed studies in English, with a subsequent comprehensive quality assessment that considered study design, sample size, statistical methods, and potential biases.
Results: The results section presented findings from seven studies, employing diverse designs and adequate sample sizes, representing Western and Asian cohorts. Consistently, a positive association between higher BMI and increased risk of diabetic complications was observed. A significant correlation with cardiovascular complications. Cross-sectional studies highlighted BMI's impact on diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy. The relationship revealed by these studies and aligns with existing literature, emphasizing heightened cardiovascular risk and providing insights for tailored interventions and future research in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus complications.
Conclusions: This review consolidates evidence from diverse studies, consistently affirming the positive association between higher Body Mass Index (BMI) and elevated risks of complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). It is important to adjust for heterogeneity and regional variations to enhance the effect of preventive that affect the complex interplay between obesity, BMI, and T2DM complications.
