Impact of Health Information Technology on Quality and Efficiency of Healthcare

Abstract

Introduction:

In light of the dynamic landscape of health information technology and its multifaceted influence on healthcare delivery, a systematic review is an excellent approach to report the updates about health information systems. This review aims to critically analyze existing literature to provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact of health information technology on the quality and efficiency of healthcare.

Methods:

The systematic review employed a comprehensive search strategy, utilizing carefully chosen search terms, including Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms, to balance sensitivity and specificity. The search covered major databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library, ensuring a thorough retrieval of relevant studies on the impact of health information technology on healthcare quality and efficiency. The inclusion criteria targeted primary interventional research articles within a specified timeframe, up to September 2023. The transparent study selection process involved initial screening of titles and abstracts, followed by a detailed assessment of full-text articles. Rigorous data extraction using a standardized form encompassed study characteristics, demographics, technology interventions, and outcomes. The synthesis of findings employed a narrative approach, while the assessment of risk of bias contributed to the overall quality appraisal, collectively ensuring the reliability and validity of the systematic review's outcomes.

Results:

The eight interventional studies included in the systematic review demonstrated a wide range of impacts from health information technology (HIT) interventions. Notable reductions in medication errors were reported, ranging from 22% to 45% with the integration of advanced functionalities. Telehealth interventions showcased a 19% to 53% decrease in hospital admissions through remote monitoring and virtual consultations. Across the studies, significant improvements in healthcare quality metrics were observed, including a 21% to 35% reduction in medication errors and a 15% to 27% enhancement in adherence to evidence-based clinical guidelines. The implementation of health information exchange (HIE) systems contributed to a substantial 18% to 33% reduction in redundant diagnostic testing. These percentages underscore the potential of HIT to enhance patient care and operational efficiency in diverse healthcare settings.

Conclusions:

For decision-makers in healthcare, the synthesis of findings underscores that well-designed health information technology interventions show significant, measurable benefits, including reduced medication errors, decreased hospital admissions, and improved adherence to clinical guidelines, affirming their potential to optimize patient care and enhance operational efficiency.