Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review
Keywords:
Noncommunicable Diseases, Saudi Arabia, Interventional Studies, Clinical Trials, Prevention, ControlAbstract
Introduction:
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in Saudi Arabia, accounting for approximately 73% of all deaths. The rapid socio-economic changes and lifestyle modifications over recent decades have exacerbated the prevalence of NCDs, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and chronic respiratory conditions. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions implemented in Saudi Arabia for the prevention and control of NCDs.
Methods:
A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, focusing on the last five years up to 2022, to identify interventional studies and clinical trials on NCD prevention and control in Saudi Arabia. The review included studies with clear intervention outcomes, employing a range of methodologies from randomized controlled trials to quasi-experimental designs. Studies were evaluated for their methodology, intervention type, and effectiveness in improving NCD-related outcomes.
Results:
Fifteen studies were included, revealing a variety of interventions from lifestyle modifications to comprehensive healthcare system reforms. Key findings include a risk ratio (RR) of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.75-0.97) for obesity reduction following lifestyle interventions, a 1.2% reduction in HbA1c levels for diabetic patients, a 12% increase in physical activity, and a 20% increase in tobacco cessation rates. These outcomes demonstrate the potential efficacy of targeted interventions in addressing NCDs in Saudi Arabia.
Conclusions:
The systematic review underscores the importance and effectiveness of multifaceted interventions in the prevention and control of NCDs in Saudi Arabia. The findings highlight significant improvements in key risk factors and health outcomes, providing valuable insights for policymakers, healthcare providers, and researchers. Continued efforts in implementing evidence-based interventions and conducting research are crucial for mitigating the NCD burden in the region.
