Effect of Dental Implant Stability on the Periodontium: A Prospective Study

Abstract

Introduction: Many factors influence the stability of the implant including the composition of bone, the design of implants, the torque of placement, and operational techniques. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of dental stability on the periodontium surrounding the dental implant.
Methods: This study was conducted retrospectively among patients who received dental implants at several dental clinics in Saudi Arabia. The stability was assessed by compressions using the Straumann Trouqing ratchet, while the clinical examination was conducted for complications including tooth mobility, bleeding, pus, and periodontists. The relationship correlations between the stability and the outcomes were investigated. The p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: A total of 29 dental implants were examined in this review. The most prevalent outcome was periodontitis, as about 17% of the dental implants presented with moderate periodontitis, and only one dental implant had severe periodontitis. Tooth mobility had a 5.2% prevalence among the included dental implants. Peri-implantitis was only in one case which accounted for 1.7% and no exudate was reported. Association between primary stability and tooth mobility was significant (p<0.001), whereas the association between stability and inflammation was not statistically significant.
Conclusions: The stability of dental implants is an important factor in the success of the dental implant. The most prevalent complications of dental implants were periodontitis, and tooth instability, whilst peri-implantitis was an uncommon outcome.